Details

The monument includes the earthworks and buried remains of a Romano-British
farmstead located on a gently sloping south west-facing hillside 670m ESE of
Whingill. It includes a cluster of four enclosures, one of which contains a
shallow sunken hollow indicating the site of a hut circle where the occupants
lived, while the remaining enclosures would have functioned as stock pens.
Traces of a low earth and rubble boundary wall survive on the monument's north
and west sides. Elsewhere the boundary has been partly obscured by later ridge
and furrow ploughing but appears to have been terraced into the hillside on
the eastern side. All four enclosures are sub-rectangular in plan; the
northern one contains remains of the hut circle which measures approximately
8m in diameter. South of this are two narrow enclosures and to the west of
these is a larger enclosure with an entrance on its south side.

MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features,
considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Source: Historic England

Reasons for Scheduling

In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements
dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non-
defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone
construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also
common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures
were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common.
Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the
settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the
enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard
layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of
the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were
pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two
houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the
settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main
enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be
found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form
and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known.
These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives
throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement
forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common
throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved
earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common,
although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography.
All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be
identified as nationally important.

Despite some minor damage by ridge and furrow ploughing, the Romano-British
farmstead 670m ESE of Whingill survives reasonably well and is a good example
of this class of monument. It is one of a number of similar monuments located
on the limestone hillsides of east Cumbria and will facilitate any further
study of Romano-British settlement patterns in this area.

Source: Historic England

Sources

Books and journals
Higham, N, Jones, N, 'Archaeological Journal' in Frontiers, Forts and Farmers, , Vol. 132, (1975), 45-7
Other
AP No. MU CS 45,14, Manchester University, Hartley,
SMR No. 3444, Cumbria SMR, Hartley, (1985)

Source: Historic England