Details

The monument is situated on relatively high ground to the west of the village
of Pleasley and includes the standing remains of Pleasley Colliery, the
enginehouse, chimney and headstocks of which are Listed Grade II.
In 1873 the Stanton Iron Company began the sinking of two shafts and the
construction of a winding engine house at Pleasley. The winding house was
located between the two shafts and was designed to house two Worsley Mesnes
steam winding engines, positioned back-to-back, and each serving one shaft.
These engines worked the colliery, raising and lowering men and materials,
until 1922 when the decision was taken to extensively modernise the site. The
Downcast winder, serving the northern shaft, was overhauled, whilst the Upcast
winder was replaced by a larger, modern engine. Pleasley Colliery continued to
operate steam plant until its closure in December 1983, when nearby Shirebrook
Colliery took over winding duties, but the engines continued to be operated
for salvage work until 1986.
The Downcast shaft is situated in the northern part of the site and has been
infilled since the mine's closure. The steel girder headgear which served this
shaft remains in situ and was erected in 1901 to replace a rotting timber
frame.
Approximately 10m to the south west of the shaft is the intact winding house.
Work on this building commenced in 1873 but, during the modernisation of the
mine in the early 1920s, it was partly rebuilt. Following the decision to
deepen the Upcast (south) shaft in 1922 it became evident that the existing
winding engine serving this shaft would be incapable of working efficiently
and a new winder was installed. The new engine was considerably wider than its
predecessor and, as a result, the southern part of the winding house was
demolished and rebuilt to house the new winder. New foundations were laid and
a much taller and wider house was erected, using sandstone blocks to blend
with the older part of the structure. The west and east walls of the
northern part of the winding house represent the remains of the original
structure; its north wall is of relatively modern construction and has been
rebuilt in brick. Within this part of the winding house is a twin cylinder
horizontal winder which was built by the Worsley Mesnes Iron Company of Wigan
in 1874. It was modified during the 1920s to work on higher pressure steam and
is included in the scheduling. The rebuilt southern part of the winding house
has short transepts projecting from its west and east walls and is lit by
large round-headed windows with cast iron frames. It houses a twin cylinder
horizontal winder, built in 1924 by Markham's of Chesterfield, and this engine
is also included in the scheduling.
To the east of the winding house is a tall chimney which was originally
associated with the now demolished boiler house. It is built of red brick with
a square base which is capped by sandstone blocks and has a series of
horizontal iron bands holding it together. Early photographs of the site
show a further chimney to the east of the winding house, indicating that there
were originally two boiler plants.
The headgear which stands above the Upcast shaft, to the south of the winding
house, is of the same design as that at the Downcast shaft but has been
encased in brick and concrete. A concrete and brick airlock structure has been
constructed against the southern wall of this casing and is included in the
scheduling.
All concrete posts are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground
beneath these features is included.

MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
It includes a 5 metre boundary around the archaeological features,
considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.

Source: Historic England

Reasons for Scheduling

Coal has been mined in England since Roman times, and between 8,000 and 10,000
coal industry sites of all dates up to the collieries of post-war
nationalisation are estimated to survive in England. Three hundred and four
coal industry sites, representing approximately 3% of the estimated national
archaeological resource for the industry have been identified as being of
national importance. This selection, compiled and assessed through a
comprehensive survey of the coal industry, is designed to represent the
industry's chronological depth, technological breadth and regional diversity.
The term `nucleated' is used to describe coal mines that developed as a result
of increased capital investment in the 18th and 19th centuries. They are a
prominent type of field monument produced by coal mining and typically
consist of a range of features grouped around the shafts of a mine. The
simplest examples contain merely a shaft or adit with associated spoil heap.
Later examples are characterised by developed pit head arrangements that may
include remains of engine houses for pumping and/or winding from shafts,
boiler houses, fan houses for ventilating mine workings, offices, workshops,
pithead baths, and transport systems such as railways and canals. A number of
later nucleated mines also retain the remains of screens where the coal was
sized and graded. Coke ovens are frequently found on or near colliery sites.
Coal occurs in significant deposits throughout large parts of England and this
has given rise to a variety of coalfields extending from the north of England
to the Kent coast. Each region has its own history of exploitation, and
characteristic sites range from the small, compact collieries of north
Somerset to the large, intensive units of the north east. A sample of the
better preserved sites, illustrating the regional, chronological and
technological range of nucleated coal mines, together with rare individual
component features are considered to merit protection.

The standing remains of Pleasley Colliery survive well and represent good
examples of a pithead complex. The configuration of the structures at the
site: two steam engines placed back-to-back within a single engine house
between two shafts, was always rare nationally during the 19th century
and Pleasley is now the only surviving example of this arrangement. The
engines themselves are particularly rare examples in situ of twin cylinder
steam engines; such engines dominated coal winding until the introduction of
electric winders in the early 20th century. The steel girder headgear over
each shaft is important in its own right, demonstrating the early use of steel
girder construction.
For an industrial site, an extensive range of documentary information
survives relating to both the history and the development of the colliery. The
history of the site has links with the Nightingale family, and Florence
Nightingale is said to have performed the ceremony of `turning the first sod'
of the sinking.

Source: Historic England

Sources

Books and journals
Chapman, N (Derbys. Archaeological Society), Historical Significance of the Buildings at Pleasley Colliery, (1992)
Other
English Heritage, Pleasley Colliery - Coal Industry Step 3 Report, (1994)
Gould, S, Pleasley Colliery, (1994)

Source: Historic England