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Latitude: 55.4329 / 55°25'58"N
Longitude: -1.8059 / 1°48'21"W
OS Eastings: 412380.018382
OS Northings: 615460.925494
OS Grid: NU123154
Mapcode National: GBR H5TM.T8
Mapcode Global: WHC1B.7P9Y
Entry Name: Romano-British farmstead 1km south-west of East Bolton
Scheduled Date: 3 December 1993
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1007520
English Heritage Legacy ID: 21034
County: Northumberland
Civil Parish: Hedgeley
Traditional County: Northumberland
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Northumberland
Church of England Parish: Whittingham and Edlingham with Bolton Chapel
Church of England Diocese: Newcastle
The monument includes the remains of a stone built farmstead of Romano-British
date, situated immediately below the brow of a hill with a southerly aspect.
The farmstead, roughly oval in shape, measures 30m east to west by 24m north
to south within a stone wall 3m wide and standing to a maximum of 1m high.
There is an entrance 4m wide in the south-east side. Within the enclosure
there are the centrally placed foundations of a single prehistoric house 8.5m
in diameter with walls 2m wide and 1m high. The house has an entrance in the
eastern side.
MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features,
considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.
Source: Historic England
In Cumbria and Northumberland several distinctive types of native settlements
dating to the Roman period have been identified. The majority were small, non-
defensive, enclosed homesteads or farms. In many areas they were of stone
construction, although in the coastal lowlands timber-built variants were also
common. In much of Northumberland, especially in the Cheviots, the enclosures
were curvilinear in form. Further south a rectangular form was more common.
Elsewhere, especially near the Scottish border, another type occurs where the
settlement enclosure was `scooped' into the hillslope. Frequently the
enclosures reveal a regularity and similarity of internal layout. The standard
layout included one or more stone round-houses situated towards the rear of
the enclosure, facing the single entranceway. In front of the houses were
pathways and small enclosed yards. Homesteads normally had only one or two
houses, but larger enclosures could contain as many as six. At some sites the
settlement appears to have grown, often with houses spilling out of the main
enclosure and clustered around it. At these sites up to 30 houses may be
found. In the Cumbrian uplands the settlements were of less regimented form
and unenclosed clusters of houses of broadly contemporary date are also known.
These homesteads were being constructed and used by non-Roman natives
throughout the period of the Roman occupation. Their origins lie in settlement
forms developed before the arrival of the Romans. These homesteads are common
throughout the uplands where they frequently survive as well-preserved
earthworks. In lowland coastal areas they were also originally common,
although there they can frequently only be located through aerial photography.
All homestead sites which survive substantially intact will normally be
identified as nationally important.
The farmstead south-west of East Bolton is well preserved and retains
significant archaeological deposits. It is one of a group of similar
settlements in the area and will contribute to any study of the settlement
pattern at this time.
Source: Historic England
Other
NU 11 NW 19,
Source: Historic England
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