Details

The monument includes a medieval town house and curtilage in Glastonbury High
Street c.14m to the north of the medieval precinct of Glastonbury Abbey.

The house is a stone built late medieval town house on two storeys. The
doorway on the High Street leads into a screens passage, to the side of which
is a front room. There are also a middle and a back room on the ground floor.
Above is a front and back room. To the rear are the remains of a long,
enclosed, burgage tenement with a well.

The main doorway to the tribunal has a four-centred head on the left and an
eight-light window on the right. Above are two-light windows, and a canted
bay window in the middle. All heads of the window lights are four-centred.
Some linenfold panelling of the screen passage is now in the front room. The
front room has moulded beams. Behind it is a passage with a small window and a
spiral staircase. The back room has Elizabethan thin-ribbed plaster patterns
between the beams and a fireplace with a high mantleshelf. There is a 15th
century back window with hood-mould on busts. On the upper floor the front
room fills the whole front of the building. The roof has been almost entirely
rebuilt. The kitchen was added as a separate back wing in the Elizabethan
period.

The earliest part of the present building dates from the early 15th century.
The house is reputed to be the courthouse of the abbots of Glastonbury, and
was used during the Monmouth Rebellion trials by Judge Jeffries. The street
facade was inserted to replace a timber front by Abbot Bere, who was Abbot of
Glastonbury from 1493 to 1521. After the Dissolution it became a dwelling, and
a wing was added at the back. The burgage plot at the back of the house is now
a garden except for the furthest end which was compulsorily acquired by the
local authority and now lies under a car park. A small scale excavation was
carried out in 1992 adjacent to the west wall of The Tribunal. This revealed
evidence of a timber building of probable 12th century date below later
medieval stone foundations. The excavation confirms that the middle room on
the ground floor is best seen as an infill and stairwell between two existing
free standing buildings. They suggest that the back room on the ground floor
was a kitchen separated from the main house as a fire safety precaution.
In the building, modern light fittings, stud walls, the modern spiral
staircase, display boards, blinds and storage heaters are all excluded from
the scheduling. In the garden, light fittings, the storage hut, the stone path
and concrete flower containers are excluded from the scheduling but the ground
beneath them is included. The far end of the burgage plot which is under a car
park is not included in the scheduling because of ground disturbance in this
area.

The monument is Listed Grade I and is also in the care of the Secretary of
State.

MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.

Source: Historic England

Reasons for Scheduling

The medieval town house known as The Tribunal in Glastonbury survives, with
much of its original burgage plot, in the High Street of a now much visited
town. The present house dates from the early 15th century though excavations
around the house have provided evidence for an earlier, 12th century, timber
building. The present house retains many of its original architectural
features. Evidence for the status and changing fortunes of the inhabitants of
the Tribunal is known from excavation to be preserved in the burgage plot
beneath later occupation material.

The High Street in Glastonbury is thought to have been the central focus of
the medieval market town from at least the 12th century, and the Tribunal
is the earliest surviving building. Although the position of burgage plots is
preserved in the present property boundaries, later development is likely to
mean that this plot is the best preserved. The house is situated opposite the
well known and much visited Glastonbury Abbey.

Source: Historic England

Sources

Books and journals
Hollinrake, C N, Glastonbury Tribunal 1992, (1993), 7
Pevsner, N, The Buildings of England: South and West Somerset, (1958), 181

Source: Historic England